Impact Of Organizations Culture Values On Strategic Leadership Management Essay

Effect Of Organizations Culture Values On Strategic Leadership Management Essay Authoritative culture is made by the key administration gave by an associations originator or top administration. An associations originator is especially significant in deciding society on the grounds that the author assigns qualities and the board styles on the association that goes on for quite a while. This might be useful for a specific period yet it can likewise be smothering as time goes on. For instance, Walt disneys traditionalist effect on the organization he set up proceeded until well after his demise. Administrators were reluctant to try different things with new types of amusement since they were apprehensive Walt wouldnt like it. It took the establishment of new administration under Michael Eisner to pivot the companys fortunes and permit it to manage the real factors of the new media outlet condition. The authority style built up by the organizer or top administration is transmitted to the companys supervisors, and as the organization develops, it ordinarily draws in new directors and representatives who share similar qualities. Along these lines, a companys culture turns out to be increasingly more unmistakable as its individuals become progressively comparative. The prudence of these mutual qualities and regular culture is that it builds incorporation and improves coordination among hierarchical individuals. For instance, the regular language that normally rises in an association since individuals share similar convictions and qualities encourages collaboration among supervisors. At the point when hierarchical individuals become tied up with social standards and qualities, this dynamic bonds them to the association and builds their responsibility to discover better approaches to enable it to succeed. The essential responsibilitiy of key administration is to make and keep up the authoritative attributes that remunerate and empower aggregate exertion. Maybe the most crucial of these is hierarchical culture A hierarchical culture speaks to the common feeling of the manner in which we get things done around here, a basic factor in directing everyday conduct and forming a future game-plan. Helpful (1986) accepts that it is these last two types of culture, job and errand, which are most often found in associations. Handys order of sorts of culture is valuable for giving an image of various authoritative societies. It serves to feature both the trouble of plainly characterizing societies and the significant ramifications of the social way to deal with organizations.Organizational Values can assist representatives with discovering importance and reason in their work and connection their individual endeavors to those of the whole organization. Our way of life is the performance center in which we play out our lives. It is a significant piece of what our identity is. Robbins (1989) portrays the way of life of an association as playing out various capacities inside the association as follows 1.It gives a limit characterizing job isolating one association from another. 2. It passes on a feeling of character. 3. It upgrades social framework strength. Culture is the social paste that helps hold the association together. 4. It fills in as a sense making and control system that aides and shapes the mentalities and conduct of workers. Hierarchical culture characterizes the guidelines of the game. 1.2 Discuss the hierarchical explicit , lawful , administrative and moral necessity sway on key authority requests. Each organization, business and association should by law have a strategy set up, in view of the law in regards to fairness, decent variety, and segregation they should, connected at the hip with these, additionally have an approach on organization methodology of how they are to be executed should a representative wish to bring an objection dependent on any one or these premises. the two arrangements must be openly accessible to workers, whom ought to be educated regarding their reality accessible as on demand or as a feature of their agreement . The lawful status of your association may influence how you can utilize various sorts of fund. It is along these lines helpful to quickly audit the impediments that distinctive legitimate structures force on the utilization of obligation or value money. Numerous social undertakings are organized as organizations restricted by ensure, as this is the most broadly utilized structure for an enlisted cause. 1.3 Evaluate current and rising social concerns and desires affecting on vital administration in the association In todays serious business atmosphere, it is basic that administrators realize how to settle on key choices rapidly and definitively. Key choices regularly involve extensive dangers and can have long-extend suggestions for the association. In this course, members will figure out how to apply formal dynamic procedures so as to diminish chance and pick the best strategy for their association Associations that comprehend the innovative procedure and encourage this with workers end up at the highest point of their industry. They realize how to tackle the inventive intensity of their workforce to grow new items and administrations. Imagination, in any case, is as much a matter of method as knowledge. 2.Be ready to comprehend key authority styles. 2.1 Evaluate the connection between vital administration and authority. Key administration is the craft of overseeing workers in a manner that expands the capability of accomplishing your business goals. Great administrators start with an individual plan and utilize their initiative aptitudes to spread it all through the association. One of the significant viewpoint in vital managemement is Evaluation and control.It comprises of execution information and movement reports .The data must be pertinent whatever is being observed, one of the hindrances to powerful control is the trouble in creating suitable proportions of significant exercises and yield. Authority has been depicted as the procedure of social impact in which one individual can concentrate on the guide and backing of others in the achievement of a typical errand. Administrators have subordinates By definition, administrators have subordinates except if their title is privileged and given as a sign of status, in which case the title is a misnomer and their control over others is other than formal power. Dictator, value-based style Supervisors have a place of power vested in them by the organization, and their subordinates work for them and to a great extent do as they are told. The board style is value-based, in that the director guides the subordinate, and the subordinate does this not on the grounds that they are a visually impaired robot, but since they have been guaranteed a prize (at least their compensation) for doing as such. Work center Supervisors are paid to complete things (they are subordinates as well), frequently inside close requirements of time and cash. They along these lines normally give this work center to their subordinates. Look for comfort A fascinating examination finding about directors is that they will in general originate from stable home foundations and drove moderately ordinary and agreeable lives. This leads them to be generally chance opposed and they will look to evade strife where conceivable. As far as individuals, they for the most part prefer to run a glad boat. Pioneers have adherents Pioneers don't have subordinates in any event not when they are driving. Numerous authoritative pioneers do have subordinates, however simply because they are additionally administrators. However, when they need to lead, they need to surrender formal tyrant control, on the grounds that to lead is to have devotees, and following is consistently a deliberate movement. Magnetic, transformational style Guiding individuals doesn't move them to tail you. You need to speak to them, demonstrating how tailing them will prompt their hearts want. They should need to tail you enough to stop what they are doing and maybe stroll into potential harm and circumstances that they would not typically consider gambling. Individuals center Albeit numerous pioneers have an alluring style somewhat, this doesn't require an uproarious character. They are in every case great with individuals, and calm styles that offer credit to other people (and assumes fault on themselves) are viable at making the steadfastness that incredible pioneers cause. 2.2 Evaluate the administration styles and their effect on dynamic. Administration Styles Rao (1986) has grouped the administration styles, based on the previous examination at the Indian Institute of Management, into the accompanying: A Benevolent or Paternalistic administration style in which the top level administrator accepts that every one of his workers ought to be continually guided rewarded with friendship like a parent treats his youngsters, is relationship arranged, allots assignments based on his own preferences, continually controls them and secures them, comprehends their requirements, rescues the circumstances of emergency by dynamic contribution of himself, circulates prizes to the individuals who are faithful and respectful, shares data with the individuals who are near him, and so on A Critical authority style is portrayed as nearer to Theory X conviction design where the supervisor accepts that representatives ought to be intently and continually managed, coordinated and helped to remember their obligations and duties, is transient objective situated, can't endure errors or clashes among workers, individual force overwhelmed, hushes up about all data, works carefully as per standards and rules and guidelines and is exceptionally discipline arranged. A Developmental authority style is described as an engaging style, where the top director trusts in building up the skills of his staff, regards them as develop grown-ups, leaves them on their own the greater part of the occasions, is long haul objective situated, shares data with all to assemble their capabilities, encourages the goals of contentions and errors by the workers themselves with insignificant inclusion from him. formative style essentially is by all accounts the most wanted association building style. Anyway a few people and a few circumstances require now and again altruistic and basic styles. A few chiefs don't know about the dominating style they

Marketing Approaches of Nike and Li-Ning Essays

Promoting Approaches of Nike and Li-Ning Essays Promoting Approaches of Nike and Li-Ning Paper Promoting Approaches of Nike and Li-Ning Paper Introduction Nike Target Market Develop promoting approaches bring organizations significant fortune, particularly in such a serious market. Thusly, showcasing individuals assume a fundamental job in arranging, dynamic, advertise portioning, focusing on, valuing and situating. In the accompanying report, it will investigate the promoting hypothesis and practice of two results of two renowned organizations, the world’s biggest games products organization Nike and China’s mainstream sports brand Li-Ning. This report centers around Nike’s ball shoes and Li-Ning’s running shoes. Industry foundation 2008 Olympic Games occurred in Beijing a month ago, in the interim, the Olympic soul is communicating wherever over the world. Progressively people go to sports exercises so as to keep solid. Therefore, the games item industry has grown quickly in the course of the most recent two decades. Other than Nike and Li-Ning, there are numerous contenders, for example, Reebok, Adidas, Fila and Converse. These organizations are the prevailing pioneers in the commercial center and lead this industry. The games products industry expecially footwear fabricating, is presently encountering escalated rivalry. Nike is one of the business chiefs, â€Å"with a 47% piece of the overall industry, trailed by Reebok with a figure at 16%, and Adidas at 6%† (Hays, 2000, P. 31). Li-Ning Company Limited is one of the main games brand undertakings in the PRC which is one of the most well known games brand on the planet. â€Å"It has secured over 90% piece of the pie of the world’s biggest market-China, pretty much at regular intervals Li-Ning running shoes will be sold† (Hays, 2000, P. 35). This class of running shoes is confronting diminishing interest in light of the fact that there is the rising ubiquity of elective footwear, bringing about more weight than any time in recent memory to accomplish high benefit through viable worldwide sourcing rehearses. Organization foundation Nike organization Nike, Inc. is the universes driving games and wellness organization, â€Å"with 2000 deals of $9 billion. † The organization has made a solid promise to manageability in both word and deed in the course of recent years. Three fundamental beliefs of the organization are â€Å"honesty, seriousness, and teamwork†. Regardless of its size, Nike works with at least chain of command. Accordingly, there is a great deal of joint effort and agreement dynamic. Regularly held qualities are basic in such a lattice association. (Nike Official, 2008). Nike has a solid capacity of Research and Development, its new style is consistently popular in appearance and expert in work, for instance, Nike dunks, Jordan shoes, Nike flying corps one. Nike has been fabricating around the Asian district for more than a quarter century and there are more than 500,000 individuals today who take an interest in the creation of their items legitimately. Li-Ning organization As depicted on Li-Ning company’s site (2008), LI-Ning Company Ltd. was established in Guangdong Province in 1990 by LI-Ning who was a Chinese Olympic acrobat. It is one of the main games brand ventures in the PRC. It has its own marking, innovative work, plan, assembling, circulation and retail abilities. Li-Nings logo configuration depends on its own underlying letters L and N. The Groups items incorporate games footwear, attire and frill for game and recreation use which are fundamentally sold under its own Li-Ning brand (Li-Ning Company, 2008). The results of Li Ning sports products keep on being more well known in China than those of remote contenders. Vital advertising and arranging Most promoting associations work as per formal plans. Pride, Thiele, Waller, Elliott, Paladino Ferrell, (2007) guarantee that key arranging is the way toward building up a hierarchical crucial planning objectives, corporate methodology, advertising goals, promoting procedure and a showcasing plan. In view of Nike Official (2008), the crucial Nike is to be an organization that better than all others in the games footwear industry. They want to keep up their situation by giving high caliber and new style agreeable footwear to customers all things considered and ways of life. They guarantee to make their items effectively accessible worldwide using retail outlets and their organization site. Nike’s the executives accepts that their prosperity lies in the hands of our colleagues, clients, investors and the networks in which they work. In the interim, the vision of Nike is to remain the pioneer in the business. They keep on delivering quality items that they have given previously and meet the ever-changing requirements of their clients, through item development. In correlation, the essential target of Li-Ning is to expand its general piece of the overall industry â€Å"from the current 17% to 20% in 3 years time† and shield its ahead of all comers in China sportswear advertise against solid rivalry (Li-Ning Company). To accomplish this objective, Li-Ning needs to improve the customers’ brand acknowledgment, defend showcase sections and the crucial Li-Ning is through games, they â€Å"inspire people’s want and capacity to make advancements. † The vision is to be the universes driving brand in the games merchandise industry. Macroenvironmental factors The association and its providers, showcasing go-betweens, clients, contenders and publics all work in an enormous macroenvironment of powers that shape openings and posture dangers to the organization†. The macroenvironment comprises of six significant powers, they are â€Å"demographic powers, financial powers, normal powers, innovative powers, political powers, social forces† (Kolter, et al, 2006, P. 81). Segment condition Surveying the segment condition involves watching and checking populace patterns. The segment profile incorporates the size, age, thickness, area, sex, race, occupation and different insights of the populace (Shank, 1999). The changing age structure of the populace is one of the significant viewpoints. Figure 1 shows a chart wherein the ages and genders for the Chinese populace structure. As can be seen from the chart, there is a huge populace at the age of 10-50 years of age. (U. S. Evaluation Bureau, International Date Base, 2001). The development of populace is additionally an issue that both of these two organizations ought to consider. Monetary condition The monetary condition is another wild factor for sports advertisers to consider. â€Å"The buying power relies upon the salary condition and the customer spending patterns† (Shank, 1999, P. 78). As figure 1. 2 indicated that, the world’ s economy has developed quickly in the previous twenty years, accordingly, people’s expectation for everyday comforts and pay have expanded too. Be that as it may, consumers’ spending designs are increasingly differed. That implies the buyers have distinctive need and tastes. These elements can be a danger to sports shoes organizations. Social and social patterns Social and social patterns likewise impact the market of sports items. These days sports and energy are representative of numerous people’s basic beliefs. An ever increasing number of individuals focus on sports exercises (figure 1. 3). Sports movement is by all accounts developing in prominence because of the recharged accentuation on family esteems. Because of this the market of sports wear expands and bigger, simultaneously the offer of running shoes is expanding rapidly (Li-Ning Company). Microenvironmental factors The miniaturized scale condition comprises of the powers near the association that influences its capacity to serve its clients the association, providers, showcasing go-betweens, client markets contenders and different publics. † (Kolter, et al, 2006, P. 78) Providers The providers are a significant connection in the organisation’s generally speaking client ‘value conveyance system’, they give the assets required by the organsiation to deliver its merchandise and administration. Nike and Li-Ning both picked creating nations the greatest provider advertise as a result of the lower cost and colossal measure of assets. As an organization that needs to procure more benefit, Nike decreases its expenses as it likewise has some provider advertise in South Africa where there is probably the least expensive work power on the planet. And yet Nike additionally is encircled by some moral issues. Contenders Contender is one of the smaller scale condition factors need to consider. Davidson, Simon Gottschalk, Hunt, Wood and Griffin (2006) state that an association that needs to be effective must have 3 particular qualities: They are of incentive to the client They are superior to that of most of different contenders They are hard to impersonate or recreate Nike and Li Ning have similar contenders, for example, Reebok, Adidas, Fila, Converse, and New Balance. Every one of them are having a significant influence in the games world. Kotler, et al(2006) characterize showcasing go-betweens help organization to advance, sell and disperse its items to conclusive purchasers. They incorporate affiliates, physical conveyance firms, showcasing administration offices and money related go-betweens. Nike keeps up in excess of 100 nations focusing on its essential market areas: United States, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Americas. Moreover, the open power expecially government arrangement is another part of microenvironment factors. A few strategies are ensuring residential market, for example, Chinese government has made some strategy to energize Li-Ning which is Chinese brand. SWOT investigation SWOT investigation is a helpful and mainstream arranging instruments that item chief use to decide the circumstance of the item. Pride, Sellit, Rundle-Thiele, Waller, Paladino and Ferrell (2006, p. 34) depict a SWOT investigation can help with the showcasing arranging proc

Living Doing Business in BRAZIL Example

Living Doing Business in BRAZIL Example Living Doing Business in BRAZIL â€" Essay Example > Living Doing Business in Brazil Q. 2: Ans. The gross national income per capital of Brazil suggests that it can be ified as a developing country (isi-web. org, 2013). There is a wide economic gap between people. On one hand, there are rich people that live like rich Europeans. Many use helicopters to travel within the city. On the other hand, Brazil has a class of extremely poor people that live in such places as Rio where the Sao Corrado are separated from a favela by an avenue. Although Brazil is among South America’s most developed countries, yet it turns out to be a third world country in the developing phase when compared to the developed countries of the world. Q. 3: Ans. Brazil offers adequate protection to the intellectual property rights from the legal perspective. In the year 2003, Brazil enforced the anti-piracy law according to which, the violators of intellectual property rights would be given penalties of up to four years in prison with an additional charge of fine (Novais, 2011). However, there is discrepancy between what Brazil says and what Brazil does with respect to the protection of intellectual property rights. According to the former US ambassador to the UN, Kenneth Adelman, “Brazil is a prominent member of the axis of IP [intellectual property] evil… flagrantly disregarded intellectual property rights” (Adelman cited in knowledge. wharton. upenn. edu, 2006). In March 2005, the government of Brazil publicly disclosed its plans of breaking the patents on these anti-retroviral medications; Gilead’s Tenofovir, Abbott Laboratories’ Lopinavir, Merck’s Efavirenz, and Ritonavir if these drugs’ manufacturers did not allow Brazi l to purchase them at discounted prices or to make their genetic equivalents. Brazil eventually got into an agreement with Abbott to reduce Lopinavir’s cost while protecting the patent of the drug. That agreement did not allow the Brazilian manufacturers to make the drug’s generic version for the domestic market. In spite of that commitment, Brazil designed its strategy to spur business rather than saving Brazilian lives. Brazil does not protect the intellectual property rights. In fact, the illegal seizure of information and US technology is one of the reasons that Brazil today is the tenth-largest economy of the world. Q. 4: Ans. In Brazil, detention centers in most of the states are over-crowded. Pre-trial detention is usually lengthy and torture persists as a major problem. The government has been taking measures to eradicate forced labor but none of the efforts has proven effective in the long run. This is evident from the fact that “The federal government has taken important steps to eradicate forced labor since 1995, including creating mobile investigation units to examine conditions in rural areas and publishing a “black list” of employers found to have used forced labor” (Human Rights Watch, 2011). However, over 4000 workers were found to have been forced into labor by the Pastoral Land Commission in the year 2010. In spite of all federal efforts to eliminate forced labor from the country, it still does exist in some states. Rural activists and indigenous leaders are exposed to violence and terrorism. References: Human Rights Watch. (2011). World Report 2012: Brazil. Retrieved from http: //www. hrw. org/world-report-2012/world-report-2012-brazil. isi-web. org. (2013). Developing Countries. Retrieved from http: //www. isi- web. org/component/content/article/5-root/root/81-developing. knowledge. wharton. upenn. edu. (2006, March 1). The Two Faces of Intellectual Property in Brazil. Knowledge@wharton. Retrieved from http: //knowledge. wharton. upenn. edu/article. cfm? articleid=1339. Novais, A. (2011). Protecting Intellectual Property in Brazil. The Brazil Business. Retrieved from http: //thebrazilbusiness. com/article/protecting-intellectual-property-in-brazil.

Living Doing Business in BRAZIL Example

Living Doing Business in BRAZIL Example Living Doing Business in BRAZIL â€" Essay Example > Living Doing Business in Brazil Q. 2: Ans. The gross national income per capital of Brazil suggests that it can be ified as a developing country (isi-web. org, 2013). There is a wide economic gap between people. On one hand, there are rich people that live like rich Europeans. Many use helicopters to travel within the city. On the other hand, Brazil has a class of extremely poor people that live in such places as Rio where the Sao Corrado are separated from a favela by an avenue. Although Brazil is among South America’s most developed countries, yet it turns out to be a third world country in the developing phase when compared to the developed countries of the world. Q. 3: Ans. Brazil offers adequate protection to the intellectual property rights from the legal perspective. In the year 2003, Brazil enforced the anti-piracy law according to which, the violators of intellectual property rights would be given penalties of up to four years in prison with an additional charge of fine (Novais, 2011). However, there is discrepancy between what Brazil says and what Brazil does with respect to the protection of intellectual property rights. According to the former US ambassador to the UN, Kenneth Adelman, “Brazil is a prominent member of the axis of IP [intellectual property] evil… flagrantly disregarded intellectual property rights” (Adelman cited in knowledge. wharton. upenn. edu, 2006). In March 2005, the government of Brazil publicly disclosed its plans of breaking the patents on these anti-retroviral medications; Gilead’s Tenofovir, Abbott Laboratories’ Lopinavir, Merck’s Efavirenz, and Ritonavir if these drugs’ manufacturers did not allow Brazi l to purchase them at discounted prices or to make their genetic equivalents. Brazil eventually got into an agreement with Abbott to reduce Lopinavir’s cost while protecting the patent of the drug. That agreement did not allow the Brazilian manufacturers to make the drug’s generic version for the domestic market. In spite of that commitment, Brazil designed its strategy to spur business rather than saving Brazilian lives. Brazil does not protect the intellectual property rights. In fact, the illegal seizure of information and US technology is one of the reasons that Brazil today is the tenth-largest economy of the world. Q. 4: Ans. In Brazil, detention centers in most of the states are over-crowded. Pre-trial detention is usually lengthy and torture persists as a major problem. The government has been taking measures to eradicate forced labor but none of the efforts has proven effective in the long run. This is evident from the fact that “The federal government has taken important steps to eradicate forced labor since 1995, including creating mobile investigation units to examine conditions in rural areas and publishing a “black list” of employers found to have used forced labor” (Human Rights Watch, 2011). However, over 4000 workers were found to have been forced into labor by the Pastoral Land Commission in the year 2010. In spite of all federal efforts to eliminate forced labor from the country, it still does exist in some states. Rural activists and indigenous leaders are exposed to violence and terrorism. References: Human Rights Watch. (2011). World Report 2012: Brazil. Retrieved from http: //www. hrw. org/world-report-2012/world-report-2012-brazil. isi-web. org. (2013). Developing Countries. Retrieved from http: //www. isi- web. org/component/content/article/5-root/root/81-developing. knowledge. wharton. upenn. edu. (2006, March 1). The Two Faces of Intellectual Property in Brazil. Knowledge@wharton. Retrieved from http: //knowledge. wharton. upenn. edu/article. cfm? articleid=1339. Novais, A. (2011). Protecting Intellectual Property in Brazil. The Brazil Business. Retrieved from http: //thebrazilbusiness. com/article/protecting-intellectual-property-in-brazil.

Decision Maker and the Rational Man - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2199 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/09/18 Category Economics Essay Type Argumentative essay Topics: Organization Essay Did you like this example? Decision Maker and the Rational Man I. Decision Maker and the Rational Man 1. Introduction As individuals we face decision situations everyday. It might be a problem or an opportunity, but in both cases the individual has to come at a perfect decision. At a rational view individual will try to gather as much information as possible on the available alternatives and the consequences they might derive by implementing each alternative. Individuals think and reason before they act and they try to select the best alternative accessible to them. What is most important is to select a choice among the alternatives available. Any person who is faced a significant choice problem in real life, operating individually or organizationally, tends to complete the task according to the prescription by the rational choice. In words, he will think as a rational man as depicted in a textbooks of economics. Rational man will be reasonably directed toward the achievement of conscious goals and will aim to maximize his benefits. 2. Literature Review Decision making is a means to an end. It is typically described as â€Å"choosing among best alternatives†. According to Stoner et al. (2001: 239), decision making is the process of identifying and selecting a course of action to solve a specific problem. It is about identifying and choosing solutions that lead to a desired end result (Kreitner and Kinicki, 1995:299). The process begins with a problem and ends when a solution had been chosen. Decision maker is the individual or group that actually makes the choice among alternatives. Individual decision making is an important part of organizational behavior as well as in day to day life of any individual. Ideal decision makers try to use all their talents when making a decision and characterized by reason and sound judgment (Certo, 2003). Over the years, there has been much debate on how to accurately describe decision making processes in general. Beyond an implici t agreement that decisions are made through some sort of process, chaotic or otherwise, there is little else scholars agree upon. By simple definition rational means efficient, i. . , maximizing output for a given input, or minimizing input for a given output. Economic definition of the rational man refers solely to a man who moves toward his goals in a way which, to the best of his knowledge, uses the least possible input of scarce resources per unit of valued output (Downs, 1957). Human behavior is goal-oriented, chosen for a reason. Goals, objectives, purposes, and interests explain behavior. So under rational man concept human being is always behave in a way to maximize the value he gains through the end. Managerial decision making is assumed to be rational. That means managers make consistent, value–maximizing choices within specified constrains. So that is where the decision maker and rational man come together. The rational model of decision making which is also kno wn as classical model is best used to discuss about the behavior of a manager who weight his options and calculate optimal levels of risks before making the decision. Rational decision making describes choices that are consistent and value maximizing within specified constraints (Robbins and Coulter, 2002:178). It assumes that managers have access to all the information needed to reach a decision (Certo, 2003). The rational model proposes that managers use a rational, four-step sequence when making decisions: (1) identifying the problem, (2) generating alternative solutions, (3) selecting a solution, and (4) implementing and evaluating the solution (Kreitner and Kinicki, 1995:301). This model is based on the premise that managers optimize when they make decisions. A decision maker who is perfectly rational would be fully objective and logical (Robbins and Coulter, 2002:178). He or she will carefully define the problem and will have a defined goal which is clear and specific. M oreover making decisions using rationality would consistently lead toward selecting the alternative that maximizes the likelihood of achieving that goal. However in the rational decision making model there are some assumptions of rationality which apply to any decision. Figure 1: Assumptions of Rationality Source: Robbins and Coulter, 2002:178 The rational decision making model, amongst its many assumptions assumes that there is a single best solution that will maximize the desired outcomes. But in the real world individuals must make decisions within tight time constraints and with less information than he or she likes to have. Bounded rationality theory pointed out that decision makers must cope with inadequate information about the nature of the problem and its possible solutions, a lack of time or money to complie more complete information, an ability to remeeber large amount of information, and the limits of their own intelligence (Stoner et. al. ,1995:253). That means the d eciison maker is acturally deviates form being a rational man. Instead of exploring the perfect or ideal solution, decision makers frequently settle for one that will adequately serve their purpose. That means they sacrifice rather than maximize. Not only bounded rationality, intuition also play a vital role in a decision maker’s life. Decision makers usually use their intuition to improve their decision making. It’s a subconscious process of making decisions on the basis of experience and accumulated judgment (Robbins and Coulter, 2002:180). This can be simply known as â€Å"gut feeling† and will deviates decision maker from behaving rationally. It comes with experience and learning. For example a manager who had faced a similar situation of decision making might deviate from systematic approach of rational decision making and might use his or her experience and judgment to take a decision. Figure two talks about the role of intuition in decision making. Figure 2: What is intuition? Source: Robbins and Coulter, 2002:180. The quality of a manager’s decisions is important for many reasons. To illustrate some, the quality of a manager’s decisions directly affects his career opportunities, rewards, job satisfaction and achievements in life. Also the quality of managerial decisions contributes to the success or failure of an organization. As a decision maker, the way he behaves in a decision situation will directly affect to that individual’s future as well as to the future of the institution for which he makes the decision. The rational decision theory position that decision making should proceed systematically through the series of steps is sound. Better decisions likely result when decision makers carefully analyze problems, evaluate multiple alternatives, and make systematic choices on the basis of their analyses and act as a rational man. However the perspective of rational decision making model relies on the implicit assumption that â€Å"rational decision maker† could have ever existed in a natural state in organizations. Decision making process is not a strictly rational one where all relevant information is collected and objectively evaluated, rather the decision maker takes mental ‘short cuts’ in the process of decision making to arrive at a sound decision (Kahneman and Tversky 1974 in Brabazon, 2000). 3. Application in Real World In Business Organizations. Decision making is one of the primary and most important responsibilities of being a manager. In real world most of the time a manager acts as a rational decision maker. He has to think about all the alternatives available to him after analyzing the problem and list down the consequences of each alternative. And then he has to rank each alternative from low to high to based on pros and cons of each alternative and finally he has to select the best alternative to solve the problem. For example at the Cuban Missile Crisis former United State President John F. Kennedy did his best to guide his team towards the best alternative available to them. He with his team gathered as much information as possible and probe for all the alternatives available. A special part of this is analyzing the consequences of each alternative. They did their best to see what will be the ultimate result of executing alternatives to select the best choice in front of them. This is the reason why even today after many years back, President Kennedy’s actions at Cuban Missile Crisis is considered and learned as a best managerial decision taken by a true leader all over the world. This can be considered under rational decision making but even here it is restricted within the available information. Any manager or an individual who is confronting with a problem or decision situation will act as a rational man to some extend when he or she makes a decision. Let’s take a simple example of buying a co mputer. In managerial aspects this can be a manager related to Marketing who is finding that they have to buy few computers with newest features in order to give the best customer service. After identifying the problem he will have to go through the decision criteria which will relevant to the decision. Here he can consider price, warranties, memory capacity, advance features, etc. rom the numbers of criteria available to him when buying a computer. Then the decision maker has to carefully analyze and weight each criterion according to its relevancy for the task. Then there will be the consideration of alternatives which will bring forward various computer brands and models and the manager will has to analyze each option with careful examination using all the information available to him. Then the manager has to come into a final decision by thinking rationally about the gains he will derive through each alternative. However a manager does not make decisions in isolation. When he or she makes their own decisions, people within and outside the organization also make their own decisions. When managers take decisions they also have to think about these decisions made by people around him. Also no approach to decision making can guarantee that a manager will always make the right decision. However a manager who is rational, intelligent and who uses a systematic approach towards decision making is more likely to come up with high quality solution than other managers. . Conclusion An individual as a decision maker will most of the time will behave in a rational way. He will do his best to select a choice among the alternatives available after analyzing each of these alternatives. However the extend of rationality of his behavior will be a problem due to the assumptions followed on the model of rational decision making which can be applied to the true situation. It assumes that the decision makers have or should or can obtain adequate information, both in terms of quality, quantity and accuracy. This applies to the situation as well as the alternative technical situations. It further assumes that the decision makers have substantive knowledge of the cause and effect relationships relevant to the evaluation of the alternatives. In other words, it assumes that decision maker has a thorough knowledge of all the alternatives and the consequences of the alternatives chosen. It further assumes that the personnel involved in decision making can rank the alternatives and choose the best of it. With these we can not say that there is a single, best solution that will maximize the desired outcomes. So when taking a decision, the decision maker will move towards compromising on the decision making process though it is a structured decision making model. The decision maker takes the decision or is assumed to choose a solution though not a perfect solution but â€Å"good enough† solution based on the limited capacity to handle the complexity of the situation, ambiguity and information. However a decision maker will behave as a rational man constraint to this bounded rationality. Reference List Borges Marcos R. S. , Pino J. A. , Valle C. , Support for Decision Implementation and Follow-up, 1995, Viewed on 15 May 2008, Borges, Marcos R. S. , Pino, J. A. , Valle, C. : On the Implementation and Follow-up of Decisions, 2002, Viewed on 15 May 2008, Downs Anthony, The Meaning of Rationality in the Model, 1957, Viewed on 15th May 2008m https://polsci. colorado. edu/~mciverj/Downs3-14. PDF Gosling Jonathan and Mintzberg Henry, The Five Minds of a Manager Key ideas from the Harvard Business Review, Viewed on 15 May 2008, Jackson Susan E. , May Karen E. , Whitney Kristina, Understanding the Dynamics of Diversity in Decision-Making Teams, 1995, Viewed on 10 May 2008, Kreitner Robert and Kinicki Angelo, Organizational Behavior, 3rd ed. , Boston, Richard D. Irwin, 1989. Managementconsultingcourses. com, Managerial Decision Ma king, Viewed on 14th May 2008, Robbins Stephen P. , Organizational Behavior, 6th ed. , Englewood Cliffs, N. J, Prentice-Hall, 1993. Robbins Stephen P. , and Coulter Mary, Management, 7th ed. , Delhi, Pearson Education, 2002. Stoner James A. F. , Freeman Edward and Gilbert Daniel R. , Management, 6th ed. , Englewood Cliffs, N. J. , Prentice-Hall, 1995. Tarricone Pina and Luca Joe, Successful teamwork: A case study, 2002, Viewed on 14 May 2008, Tony Brabazon, Behavioral Finance: A new sunrise or a false dawn? , 2000, Viewed on 14 May 2008, The problem is clear and unambiguous. A single, well-defined goal is to be achieved. All alternatives and consequences are known. Preferences are clear. Preferences are constant and stable. No time or cost constraints exist. Final choice will maximize payoff. Lead to Rational Decision Making Intuition Experience based decisions Affect-initiated decisions Value or ethics based decisions Subconscious mental processing Cognitive-based decisions Managers make decisions based on their past experience Managers make decisions based on feelings or emotions Managers make decisions based on skills, knowledge and training Managers use data from subconscious mind to help them to make decisions Managers make decisions on ethical values or culture Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Decision Maker and the Rational Man" essay for you Create order

Analysis Of Toni Morrison s Song Of Solomon - 977 Words

The Asymmetrical Dead When Milkman, the central figure of Toni Morrison’s novel Song of Solomon, fantasizes about finding his fortune, he thinks only of spending money, gambling, and endless women to lie with and leave. Even with the prospects of freedom, power and fame, for what else can vast wealth truly purchase, he is unable to conceive of a future for himself. He imagines only an endlessly comfortable, banal present. It’s hard to fault him for this shortcoming. No one in Milkman’s world has any future at all. The half-lives they lead leave room only for the past, and a half-remembered one at that. Milkman’s immediate family is fractured. His mother Ruth never mentions her mother, if she knew her at all, only her father. Macon Dead, Milkman’s father, knew only his father as well. Both Ruth and Macon only act as half parents to Milkman. They are incapable of seeing each other as equals because they have no reference for their relationship. They each see Milkman as the ir son, but not as the son of the other. They stifle Milkman, giving him only their view of the world. Because they are unable to have friends outside of their home, they enlist him as a confidant, as an ally against the other, and as the bearer of the Dead legacy. Milkman is unable to become a whole person within the family because he is expected only to complete each parent and not himself. Milkman’s love life is another area that is lacking. Hagar, who loves Milkman unconditionally, who needs him inShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Song Of Solomon1374 Words   |  6 Pagesalso play a major role in a person’s character development. Influences also can affect temperament, personality, disposition, motivation, and initial perspectives and reactions. This sagaciousness was thoroughly expressed in the novel Song of Solomon by Toni Morrison. This novel delved extensively into the coming of age of main character Macon â€Å"Milkman† Dead. The nickname milkman was derived from an uncomfortable and rather odd situation. As being breastfed by his mother Ruth, way past the age ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Song Of Solomon1412 Words   |  6 PagesIn Toni Morrison’s award-winning novel â€Å"Song of Solomon,† she fills the novel with deep symbolism. Macon Dead III, nicknamed â€Å"Milkman,† is a symbolic character throughout the novel. Not only is he as a character symbolic, but his name is as well. Milkman’s aunt, Pilate, has a significant and symbolic role in the novel. To her father, she represents the child who killed her own mother and took away his wife. In the Bible, PontiusRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Song Of Solomon 1213 Words   |  5 PagesVictoria Sirianni Ms. Thompson AP ELA 4 21 July 2015 Song of Solomon Producing the plot with a vivid image and motive allowed Toni Morrison to incorporate numerous literary works to enhance the allusions in the story. These specific allusions gave readers a more accurate understanding of certain aspects of the book. As well as this, readers are capable of searching beyond just the surface of what the words say. The common useRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Song Of Solomon1271 Words   |  6 Pages Emely Gonzalez Song of Solomon by Toni Morrison AP Literature - Period 3 Topic #3 Gonzalez- Page 1 3. Excluding Milkman, discuss the various attitudes on race from the perspectives of three other male characters in the novel. Americans have become accustomed to the repercussions of racism. It has diffused into areas that seemed unreachable; it has become institutionalized. Our predecessors lived the severity, and while we are residing in the realm of institutionalized racism, ourRead MoreEssay on Themes in Song Of Solomon2113 Words   |  9 PagesToni Morrison is one of the most talented and successful African-American authors of our time. Famous for works such as The Bluest Eye, Sula, and Beloved, Morrison has cultivated large audiences of all ethnicities and social classes with her creative style of writing. It is not Morrison’s talent of creating new stories that attracts her fans. In contrast, it is her talent of revising and modernizing traditional Biblical and mythological stories that have been present in literature for centuries.Read MoreBiblical Names In Toni Morrisons Song Of Solomon1574 Words   |  7 Pagesnames in the world, and they are all biblical names. Names from the Bible are also found in many works of literature, like Toni Morrison’s Song of Solomon, a coming of age story about a young man during the mid twentieth century. The reader is introduced to multiple characters with biblical names, which correspond to the characters’ personalities. In the book Song of Solomon, the characters take on the role of their biblical names. Reba, Milkman’s mother, can most closely be associated with RebeccaRead MoreAnalysis Of The Bluest Eye1555 Words   |  7 Pagesbe a victim of sexual assault but also, the punishment of the offender. Toni Morrison, The author of The Bluest Eye, a victim of segregation, deals with sexual assault and segregation in her book. Chole Anthony Wofford, who goes by the name of Toni Morrison when writing her books, was born in Lorain, Ohio on February 18, 1931. Her father had several jobs to support their family, while her mother worked as a domestic worker. Toni lived in an integrated neighborhood. However, she did not become awareRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Recitatif1135 Words   |  5 PagesLiterary Analysis Paper: â€Å"Recitatif† by Toni Morrison Many authors write fictional novels about historical events. A common topic written about is the racial integration between African Americans and whites during the 1950’s. Although the short story â€Å"Recitatif† explicate many different themes, the central topic of Morrison’s writing is about racism. Throughout the story, the author expresses examples of hatred between black and white races at the shelter, the different encounters they have, andRead More A Comparison of Christian Symbols in Song of Solomon, Sula, and Beloved2397 Words   |  10 PagesAlthough religion does not exist as a central theme in Toni Morrison’s work, it does set premise for a richly intertwined web of symbolism. Morrison’s novels focus on the lives of characters acting in the present day or recent past. For African Americans, events of the past are a crucial facet of culture as they seek to remember their history, the most influential of these events reaching far back in to the years of slavery. Historians argue that for incoming slaves, Christianity offered a religiousRead MoreBlack Naturalism and Toni Morrison: the Journey Away from Self-Love in the Bluest Eye8144 Words   |  33 Pagespostmodernism with its emphasis on race, class and gender, but the theory of naturalism as well: the idea that one s social and physical environments can drastically affect one s nature and potential for surviving and succeeding in this world. In this article, I will explore Toni Morrison s The Bluest Eye from a naturalistic perspective; however, while doing so I will propose that because Morrison s novels are distinctly black and examine distinctly black issues, we must expand or deconstruct the traditional

Eli Whitney s Invention Of Interchangeable Parts And Mass...

â€Å"I shall not stay here†¦ Up before day, at the clang of a bell and out the mill by the bell - just as though we were so many living machines† (Hopkinson 37). Many girls, between the ages of fifteen and thirty-five, worked at textile mills during the Industrial Revolution for eleven to twelve hours a day, with little time to catch their breath and fresh air. The Industrial Revolution started in Europe in the eighteenth century and spread to America during the nineteenth century. Eli Whitney’s invention of interchangeable parts and mass production helped lead the American Industrial Revolution, which started after the War of 1812 and peaked during the 1870’s. During this time period, many factories, mills, and factory cities were constructed, one of which was Lowell, Massachusetts, and employed women because their salaries were lower and therefore cost less. The conditions of the mills and boarding houses that the girls lived in were unpleasant and crowde d, and they could easily become ill. Eventually, after the height of the Industrial Revolution, women fought for their rights and better conditions in their workplaces. The Industrial Revolution changed women’s roles in society, as it made jobs that were filled by girls, put them in challenging settings, and united them to work for change in the workforce. The Industrial Revolution was a time period in American history, starting from about the late 1700’s to the early 1800’s and peaked during the 1870’s. Samuel Slater cameShow MoreRelatedThe Industrial Revolution During The 19th Century1468 Words   |  6 Pages The industrial revolution began in the 18th and 19th centuries. During this time most people lived on farms or in small rural villages. Prior to the industrial revolution most manufacturing was done in homes using hand tools and simple basic machines. People lived where their daily existences revolved around farming. Life for the average person was difficult, as incomes were meager, and malnourishment and disease were common. People produced the bulk of their own food, clothing, furniture and toolsRead MoreHolistic Thinking in Management3246 Words   |  13 Pagesthe pre-industrial revolution era, as evinced in the legacy of the Egyptian civilization and other civilizations of that age. But it was the ind ustrial revolution which brought into prominence Quality in managerial thought. We begin with Eli Whitney s invention of technique of producing interchangeable parts as the first recorded initiative in quality management. 1798: Eli Whitney, Mass Production and Interchangeable Parts Best known for his invention of the cotton gin in 1787, Eli WhitneyRead MoreSignificant Changes During the Antebellum Period2662 Words   |  11 Pagesthe United States went through a number of significant changes. America went through the industrial revolution brining along technological advancements that are still used today. American citizens also started to separate into two groups: for slavery, and against it. And there was the rise of the great market economy. Throughout this period of U.S. history, changes occur that shape the world that Americans live in to this very day. During the Antebellum era there were a large number of advancementsRead MoreEvolution of Production and Operations Management2318 Words   |  10 Pagesmanagement is about getting the day-to-day work done quickly, efficiently, without errors, and at low cost. _Figure 1 - Operations process_ THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND POM The Industrial Revolution began in the 1770s in England and spread to the rest of Europe and to North America during the nineteenth century. A number of innovations changed the face of production forever by substituting machine power for human power. Perhaps the most significant of these was the steam engine, made practical by JamesRead MoreQuestion and Answer12617 Words   |  51 PagesFor most of humankind’s history, people have commuted to work. ANS: F For most of history, people have worked in or near their homes and have not commuted. PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: AACSB Reflective Thinking KEY: Creation of Value 3. After the Industrial Revolution, jobs mostly occurred in large, formal organizations where hundreds of people worked under one roof. ANS: T PTS: 1 TOP: AACSB Reflective Thinking DIF: Easy KEY: Group Dynamics | Operations Management 4. Frederick Taylor was the father of systemsRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesAyana Jones Senior Managing Editor: Judy Leale Production Project Manager: Becca Groves Senior Operations Supervisor: Arnold Vila Operations Specialist: Cathleen Petersen Senior Art Director: Janet Slowik Art Director: Kenny Beck Text and Cover Designer: Wanda Espana OB Poll Graphics: Electra Graphics Cover Art: honey comb and a bee working / Shutterstock / LilKar Sr. Media Project Manager, Editorial: Denise Vaughn Media Project Manager, Production: Lisa Rinaldi Full-Service Project Management:

Othello Othello A Tragic Hero Essay Example For Students

Othello: Othello A Tragic Hero Essay Othello: Othello A Tragic HeroIf one reads Shakespeares Othello, they can come to the conclusion thatit might be one of the his most tragic plays ever written by Shakespeare. Romeoand Juliet, is probably the most famous of his tragic plays, but Othello, hascharacteristics that, I think make it even more tragic then his other plays, andtherefore for that reason, you can say that Othello is the most tragic hero. Othello is a noble man, one who has grace with the ladies but alsopossesses all the virtues of a military leader that he is. He is a general thatis experienced in battle.He has shown that he is reliable and well known inthe military and is well respected.His valiant personality, is what drawspeople to him, as it does for Desdemona. The senators value him and hear whathe says when he speaks. This is shown here by one of the senators. Here comesBarbantio and the valiant Moor, (Act I scene 3, 47) . This is an example ofthe many comments which shows Othellos character and personality as a personand an officer.They say he is one of the great leaders. Not only does he posses great character and courage, but also dignity. He keeps his control even when he is being accused of witchcraft during thefirst encounter with the senators when Desdemonas father confronts him aboutsee his daughter. Most potent, grave, and reverend signors,My very noble and approved good masters;That I have taen away this old mans daughter,It is most true; true I have married her. The very head and front of my offendingHath the extent, no more. Rude I am in my speech,And little blessed with the soft phrase of peace;(I, iii, 91)This is an example of how Othello deals with style and grace under fire,when he is accused of witch craft, by marrying Desdemona. He neither, yells orscreams, but explains in a manner that captivates his audience, and draws themin to listen. A major sign that Othello shows his rage and jealousy occurs in Act III,scene 3, when Iago is talking with Othello and tells him that Desdemona is awhore. Othellos breakdown, almost to choke Iago, simply asks IagoVillain, be sure thou prove my love a whore, Be sure if it. Give me the ocular proof. Or by the worth of mine eternal soul, thou hadst been better have been born a dog. Than answer my waked wrath. (Act III, scene 3)This a point in the play where Iago starts unveil his malicious plan. It makes Othello react, in a manner that he usually does not. Othello has manyqualities that contribute to his overall worth. One being his trustfulness. At this point in time, Othello, says that Iago is a man of honor and trust, andtherefore has no reason not to distrust him. Many times Othello does not see the fake and malicious acts of Iago. This is done to extend the play and also add to Othellos tragic flaws. Othellotrusts too easily. Othello is used to dealing with military people and on thebattle field, a place where you put your life in the hands of others and trustis very important. Iago reputation on the battle field is well known and is nottarnished. With Othello being a military leader for most of his life, trustinganother military friend, is not uncommon, and therefore, Othello has no reasonnot to believe or trust Iago.So it can be said that Othello has a number oftragic flaws, one being trust worthy. It is not to say that being trust worthyis a bad characteristic, but to not trust your own wife?Othello, tragically, in Act III, scene 3, is thoroughly corrupted byIago, says that he believes that Desdemona is honest, but yet he thinks that sheis not. This is a part that Othellos innocence is torn to bits, because hedoes not know what to believe anymore. This is also where he comes to Iago foradvice, which is what Iago has been waiting for. Othello is seen as a confusedman without direction and does know what to do. .uc491f5d30b480fa917d77d6fd6c53dd8 , .uc491f5d30b480fa917d77d6fd6c53dd8 .postImageUrl , .uc491f5d30b480fa917d77d6fd6c53dd8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc491f5d30b480fa917d77d6fd6c53dd8 , .uc491f5d30b480fa917d77d6fd6c53dd8:hover , .uc491f5d30b480fa917d77d6fd6c53dd8:visited , .uc491f5d30b480fa917d77d6fd6c53dd8:active { border:0!important; } .uc491f5d30b480fa917d77d6fd6c53dd8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc491f5d30b480fa917d77d6fd6c53dd8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc491f5d30b480fa917d77d6fd6c53dd8:active , .uc491f5d30b480fa917d77d6fd6c53dd8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc491f5d30b480fa917d77d6fd6c53dd8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc491f5d30b480fa917d77d6fd6c53dd8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc491f5d30b480fa917d77d6fd6c53dd8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc491f5d30b480fa917d77d6fd6c53dd8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc491f5d30b480fa917d77d6fd6c53dd8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc491f5d30b480fa917d77d6fd6c53dd8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc491f5d30b480fa917d77d6fd6c53dd8 .uc491f5d30b480fa917d77d6fd6c53dd8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc491f5d30b480fa917d77d6fd6c53dd8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Blade Runner Analysis EssayBy the world, I think that my wife be honest and think that she is not. I think that thou art just and think she is not. Othello then says to Iago:Damn her, lewd minx, damn her, damn her!Come, go with me apart. I will withdrawTo furnish me with some swift means of deathFar that fair devil. Now art thou my lieutenant. (Act 3, scene 4, 540)Here it shows that Othello is now starting to believe Iago. Anothertime that Iago starts to make Othello believe even more that is wife isunfaithful is when he tells Othello that he has overheard Cassio talking in hissleep about Desdemona and that he has also noticed Cassio wiping his face withthe strawberry-embroidered handkerchief, that Othello had given to Desdemona forhis first present. This now where Othello is convinced that Desdemona has beenunfaithful, and vows revenge against Cassio and Desdemona. It is in thisscene that Iago implants the suspicions and jealousy in Othellos head, whichtragically bring about the events in the play.It is also here, whereDesdemona tries to reconcile the differences between Othello and Cassio, inwhich Othello sees them together an d reinforces the allegations that Iago hasmade to Othello. Iago helps by adding the gasoline to the fire when he tellsOthello about how Cassio and Desdemona have known each other for some time. Othello is upset and vows revenge. Not with vain thanks but with acceptance bounteous,And will upon the instant pit thee totWithin these three days let me hear thee sayThat Cassios not alive. (Act III, scene 4)Iago also reminds Othello that Desdemona has also deceived her father,her own flesh an blood, why not then lie to her husband.Othello then tellsIago that he is bound to him forever for all that he has done for him.It ismade clear in this scene that Iago is honest and true man. A man of his word,and for that Othello is forever indebted. After the events of the loss of the handkerchief, shown clearly is theanger of Othello when he asks Desdemona to produce the handkerchief. When shecan not, it is set in his mind that she has been deceitful. It does not helpthe situation in any way that Desdemona lies about having the handkerchief, itonly adds to the fire that burns within Othellos eyes. Othellos jealousy is the one flaw that brings him down the most. It isnot to say that with out Iago instigating all that he has that the situationwould have been better. But one can see that jealousy is the knife that stabshimself. Othello is jealous of Desdemona and Cassio, which can be somewhatunderstandable. It is known that Desdemona and Cassio have known each other forsometime. It is known that Cassio has had a crush on Desdemona for awhile. When Othello asks to see the handkerchief and she cant show it to him, it makeshim wonder. When Iago is talking to Cassio about Desdemona, while Othello islistening, he makes him wonder. When Cassio is caught with the handkerchief, itmakes Othello wonder. With all of these attributes and events, one can only bejealous of Cassio and Desdemona. Othello has been manipulated in such a way byIago though, that he wont even believe is own wife. Desdemona pleads withOthello that she has been faithful and has done nothing wrong. It is Othellosjealousy and Iagos malicious manipulating that leads to the death of all ofthem. Even though Iago is the villain of all villains, Othellos tragic flaw ofjealousy, leads to his downfall. Iago manipulates the characters and enragesOthellos fire of jealousy within himself. One can not only look at thevillainous plots of Iago, but also look at Othellos impractical train ofthought and jealousy. Othello does not reason with anyone except Iago. This iswhy Iago is the villain of all villains. This is why Othellos jealousy can besaid to be his greatest downfall.Over the entire play, not only does Iagobecome the antogonist that he is, but also Othellos tragic flaw of jealousyleads to his, Iagos and innocent Desdemona.One can see why Othello, might beShakespeares most tragic plays.

Weep Not Child Essay Example

Weep Not Child Paper As I read through the novel Weep Not Child, by Ngugi wa Thiongo, I realized that there was a clear message of hope. As we progress through the novel we get an impression of a gradual loss of hope. In this essay I will discuss the possible message of hope that the book leaves us with. My first impression as I read through the first chapter is Njoroges dreams and hopes through education, Education for him, as for many boys of his generation held the key to the future. Njoroge was offered to go to school by his mother. It is a real privilege for him, because he is the first one out of his family, who is able to go to school. He knew that by going to school, he could provide a better future for himself and his family. As we read on we see that education starts to decay, and as we reach the end of this novel, Njoroge has been forced out of school, and is forced o work at an Indian Shop, which it was really bad for him, because when he was younger he said he would never work for an Indian Shop. As it was consider to be shameful. We will write a custom essay sample on Weep Not Child specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Weep Not Child specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Weep Not Child specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This demonstrates to the reader, that one of the main sources of hope has been destroyed. As we reach chapter 2, we get another sence of hope, the Prophecy. According to this prophecy, it tells us that a man will rise and give the land back, that once belonged to the black people. To the reader this seams improbible as it may not happen. And when you reach the end of the novel, you see this prophecy is very far from happening. Njoroge has very strong religious beliefs, we see this throughout the book, when he prays and asks God for help, with his problems. The rest of the African people are also religious in the way that they compare their situation with the situation of Moses and the Hebrew slaves. As we move on the novel, Njoroge starts to doubt his faith, when two military officers killed Isaaka his schoolteacher and preacher. This was the end of his education. He had lost his faith in god. Politics also gave Njoroge some hope. The strike made him along with many other black kids believe that they could gain independence. But as strike fails, Ngotho the father gets into constant conflicts with Jacobo, Father of Mwihaki. The fact that Jacobo is a traitor to the black people, gives me a feeling of hopelessness to any political solutions to the problem of freedom. Also Jomo a political leader who was fighting for black people independence, a man whom Njoroge compared with Moses, was also arrested. After we read this we get sense of despair. As they lose all their hope on independence. Most of Njoroges hopes and dreams have turned into despair. All he had was his family. But it gets slowly destroyed, Njoroges brother called Kamau has also been imprisoned for lifetime. His father Ngotho got into constant conflicts with his other Jacobo. He only had his 2 mothers which would support him, this could be said to be a glimpse of hope however I believe that the fact that Njoroge had to leave school and go to work to support the family, wipes out any possibility that this a message of hope. Ngotho would not come back. The death of Ngotho was of great shock to the whole family, and him being the piller of hope, on his death day, the hopes vanished and a feeling of despair grew.

Speech to the Troops at Tilbury Essay Example

Speech to the Troops at Tilbury Essay Example Speech to the Troops at Tilbury Paper Speech to the Troops at Tilbury Paper Essay Topic: Dunkirk Speech to the Troops at Tilbury Portrait of Elizabeth made to commemorate the defeat of the Spanish Armada (1588), depicted in the background. Elizabeths international power is symbolized by the hand resting on the globe. The Speech to the Troops at Tilbury was delivered on 9 August Old Style, 19 August New Style 1588 by Queen Elizabeth I of England to the land forces earlier assembled at Tilbury in Essex in preparation of repelling the expected invasion by the Spanish Armada. Prior to the speech the Armada had been driven from the Strait of Dover in the Battle of Gravelines eleven days earlier, and had by now rounded Scotland on its way home, but troops were still held at ready in case the Spanish army of Alexander Farnese, the Duke of Parma, might yet attempt to invade from Dunkirk; two days later they were discharged. On the day of the speech, the Queen left her bodyguard before the fort at Tilbury and went among her subjects with an escort of six men. Lord Ormonde walked ahead with the Sword of State; he was followed by a page leading the Queens charger and another bearing her silver helmet on a cushion; then came the Queen herself, in white with a silver cuirass and mounted on a grey gelding. She was flanked on horseback by her Lieutenant General the Earl of Leicester on the right, and on the left by the Earl of Essex, her Master of the Horse. Sir John Norreys brought up the rear. Content of the speech The text was found in a letter from Leonel Sharp sometime after 1624 to the duke of Buckingham. My loving people We have been persuaded by some that are careful of our safety, to take heed how we commit our selves to armed multitudes, for fear of treachery; but I assure you I do not desire to live to distrust my faithful and loving people. Let tyrants fear. I have always so behaved myself that, under God, I have placed my chiefest strength and safeguard in the loyal hearts and good-will of my subjects; and therefore I am come amongst you, as you see, at this time, not for my recreation and disport, but being resolved, in the midst and heat of the battle, to live and die amongst you all; to lay down for my God, and for my kingdom, and my people, my honour and my blood even, in the dust. I know I have the body but of a weak and feeble woman; but I have the heart and stomach of a king, and of a king of England too, and think foul scorn that Parma or Spain, or any prince of Europe, should dare to invade the borders of my realm; to which rather than any dishonour shall grow by me, I myself will take up arms, I myself will be your general, judge, and rewarder of every one of your virtues in the field. I know already, for your forwardness you have deserved rewards and crowns; and We do assure you in the word of a prince, they shall be duly paid you. In the mean time, my lieutenant general shall be in my stead, than whom never prince commanded a more noble or worthy subject; not doubting but by your obedience to my general, by your concord in the camp, and your valour in the field, we shall shortly have a famous victory over those enemies of my God, of my kingdom, and of my people. Second Version Another version of the speech was recorded in 1612 by William Leigh. His version reads: Come on now, my companions at arms, and fellow soldiers, in the field, now for the Lord, for your Queen, and for the Kingdom. For what are these proud Philistines, that they should revile the host of the living God? I have been your Prince in peace, so will I be in war; neither will I bid you go and fight, but come and let us fight the battle of the Lord. The enemy perhaps may challenge my sex for that I am a woman, so may I likewise charge their mould for that they are but men, whose breath is in their nostrils, and if God do not charge England with the sins of England, little do I fear their force†¦ Si deus nobiscum quis contra nos? (if God is with us, who can be against us? ) Two primary sources of the Tilbury Speech in Elizabethan English are available from the Women Writers Project.

Giving back Scholarship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Giving back - Scholarship Essay Example However, attending to a reputed RN school is not as simple like that. The overall cost of registered nursing education is expensive and one has to be financially prepared prior to entering the nursing profession. In line with this, I believe that the Frank Lanza Scholarship thru Phi Theta Kappa will help me successfully complete my nursing program. I learned that the Frank Lanza Memorial Scholarship recognize students’ outstanding academic and leadership accomplishments whom are currently enrolled in regionally accredited community college programs in registered nursing but in need of financial assistance (Phi Theta Kappa Honor Society, n.p.). Through disbursements of $ 2,500 to each successful applicant of scholarship, my financial problems for completing the registered nursing program would be resolved as the financial aid from the Frank Lanza Memorial Scholarship will help me pay for education fees. In addition, I could focus on achieving academic excellence because of alleviation of problems in studying. After completion of the RN nursing program, I plan to give back by serving my community and by taking an active role to help other students like me who have passion for academic excellence and nursing but are hindered by financial reasons. As a nurse, I could serve my community using the two most important powerful tools in maintaining optimum level of health: education and caring. With the knowledge that I gained upon completion of the nursing program, I could help my community through health education or disseminating information about prevention of diseases and promotion of health and caring for the sick, disabled, and those who are oppressed in the community. Teaching my community on how to be healthy and caring for them are ways on how I can give back to the Phi Theta Kappa Honor Society as a healthy community is also a productive community fostering growth and development. Likewise, I intend to give back to the Phi Theta Kappa Honor Society

Initiative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Initiative - Essay Example If ever this would be implemented, then this is would be the first law of the United States which allows marijuana legally for personal consumption. Although marijuana was allowed in the state strictly for medical use more than a decade ago, still allowing it for personal consumption is another matter. Those who advocate the passing of the initiative into a law argue that the tax would greatly benefit the state which is currently suffering from the economic crisis. According to Weber ( 2010) â€Å"supporters say state-run studies have found that taxes on marijuana could raise as much as $1.4 billion in annual revenue†. This would really help the ailing economy as Governor Schwarzenegger announces for a second round of tax breaks for new home buyers in order to boost the housing industry. Somehow, the additional income would be a welcome relief for the government. "It was very easy," the initiatives main proponent, Richard Lee, told the paper. "People were eager to sign. We heard they were ripping the petitions out of peoples hands to do it."(qtd.from Marijuana Legalization Could End Up in Ballot, 2005). However, not all sectors of society are happy about these developments since law enforcers as well prosecutors believe that legalization would produce more problems for society. This would involve drug-related crimes and it would be too late then to arrest the problem when the use of marijuana becomes legal. Definitely, use of marijuana promotes negative externalities which can also become a precedent for legalizing other vices in society. It is still the government’s accountability and responsibility to balance the advantages and disadvantages of a public policy. The public policy reflects the core values of a society. Although the benefit of providing more income for the government is utilitarian and practical, still, traditional sectors uphold moral ethics. Besides, the

Planning a Nutritional Education Program

Planning a Nutritional Education Program Nutrition Education Needs Majority of female prisoners have the thought of whether they will have enough food for themselves or for their families due to their incarceration. Half of them were incarnated most of their life and did not know what had happened outside those walls, so they might not be knowing how to shop and where to get food, lacking the skills to cook a meal, and do not know anything about food assistance programs (1). They were so used of having people to cook for them and because of restricted time they were not able to have much physical activity. The usage of literacy sources such as nutritional pamphlets and recipes could enable the prisoners to cultivate a healthy diet with regular physical activities. Preventing them from any nutrition-related chronic disease and help them to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Implementing and developing intervention that focuses on skill building and developing healthy lifestyle that incorporate good nutritional practices and physical activity (1). In addit ion, implementing education program on portion sizes and calorie estimation, healthy food purchasing with budget, cooking classes and even food sanitation classes, as well as focusing on healthy eating with a balance diet helps decrease the risk of chronic disease. In summary, a curriculum for this target population should include lessons on nutrition and childhood nutrition (portion sizes, nutritional balance and choice of food), skill in relation to cooking, budgeting, purchasing, and preparing (safe food handling practices and procedures), and physical activity habits. Social Cognitive Theory The major focus of this nutrition intervention is to apply and develop food management skill and making healthy food choices that include meal planning, shopping, and with limiting budget. By providing this skill to the female inmates allow and ensure them the skills they need by following the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) for behavior change. The implementation of this theory was used by the Healthy Cents curriculum that will be followed for this nutrition intervention (2). SCT is based on the idea of having a comfortable learning environment, goal setting, providing opportunities to participate, and skill development to help foster behavior change (2). There are eight key concepts in SCT which consist of environment, reciprocal determinism, self-regulation, behavioral capability, expectations, self-efficacy, observational learning, and reinforcement (3). In Healthy Cents, this program stresses on using teaching lessons in a series to approach in influencing behavior change, providi ng a comfortable learning environment, dynamic interaction of the person, by knowing a person knowledge and skill, help individuals to apply with the knowledge, group work is encouraged, and goal setting using the information that are being introduced during the lesson (4). Participants are express to improve their nutrition and food shopping skills through this program. The main issue with this target population is the lack of knowledge of how to shop and plan a meal with budget. When these female prison inmates are released and re-enter into the society, they will seek for jobs but with their limited education and low literacy levels the chances of getting employed are lower (5). Without a job, they will not have enough money to buy food. Therefore, with this program enabling them to plan and shop on budget yet having a healthy lifestyle. This intervention started with addressing the reciprocal determinism of female inmates participating in Healthy Cents. In Lesson 1 discussed how to make healthy choices on a budget (2). The objectives about this lesson is to allow individual to practice choosing healthier alternatives familiar food and by teaching them the true meaning of healthy foods. The curriculum emphasis on lecturing, focusing on content, provides information, and asking recall questions, focusing on dialogue learning techniques to generate interest and excitement about the topic lesson (2). Each lesson content activities for the participation to apply, they will be divided into a small group setting to do some group activities such as practicing with the information they learn, food tasting, and goal setting for individual. At the end of the class, the participation get to take home tips or message handouts and recipe they tried in the lesson. Concept Need for Nutrition Education Strategies for Change in Lesson Environment Female inmates may not have access to healthy and nutritious foods because of where they live, lack of knowledge of what foods are considered healthy, and do not have enough money to buy foods. Provide information on what foods that are healthy, provide resources (MyPlate) and handouts that are consider healthy foods, and display ways to shop with budget (L1 -L6) Reciprocal Determinism Majority of the female inmates that are being release are from low socioeconomic with limited access to food, limited nutrition education, low literacy which might cause this populations ability to change. Teach about smart shopping for fruits and vegetables (L1), having healthy snacks that they can afford (L2), developing a food budget (L3-L4), educate in planning a meal (L5), and food shopping on a budget (L6). Discuss the importance of these helps them to change the idea that they able to have a healthy lifestyle with a limited budget. Self-Regulation Many inmates who got release currently not practicing healthy eating habits, may need assistance in selecting appropriate goals, problem solving, monitoring, and even decision making. Aid with goal setting, problem solving, and decision making by encouraging the participants to take home handouts and recipes (L1-L6). Also, encourage participants to use what they learned and participate in the discussion concerning their goals and decision (L1-L6). Behavioral Capability Prisoners need the knowledge and skill to manage their food after they are release, so they need assistance and education on how to prepare healthy meals with alternatively cheap healthy food options. Provide information and demonstration on how to shop and plan healthy meals and snacks in way that is easy to follow (L1, L2, L4-L6). Expectations While many female inmates may know that fruits, vegetables, whole grains are healthy for them, they may not believe that is impossible for them to purchase healthy items with low budget. Introduce new ways to purchase healthy food options and encourage participants to try new recipes. Handouts and recipe sheets will be provided additional information and ideas to try after the lessons (L1-L6). Self-Efficacy The target population may not live at the area where they are easily access to grocery store, therefore, they may not try before some of the foods. Promote and motivate the participants in trying new foods and make some changes with their diets. Handouts and recipe provided with additional recipe of trying other food options. (L1-L6) Observational Learning Inmates are being confined with other prisoner in the cells so they often talked and learned from each other. Lessons are taught through observational learning that involved group problem-solving discussion, listening, seeing, hearing and even asking can engage in and to promote understanding to participants (L1-L6) Reinforcements The target populations may not implement on healthy meals option because after they are released the chances of them getting employed are low (5) therefore lack of financial resources which lead to limited access to healthy food. Having low-income which eligible them to participate in food assistance programs. Inform the participants about food assistance programs can help them to access and choose foods with higher nutritional quality (L3). Curriculum The Healthy Cents program in an extension of Food Supplement Nutrition Education (FSNE) by University of Maryland. It is published in the year 2015 and is funded by United States Department of Agricultures SNAP-Ed. This curriculum is designed for adults, parents/fathers/mothers with low-income individuals and families who have limited food resources, limited budget to purchase and prepare healthy food at home. This program combines nutrition education and food resource management principles to encourage limited resource families to make healthy food choices that include making healthy choices on a budget, decreasing food expenses, developing a food budget, planning a meal, and food shopping on a budget (6). The curriculum links tools and methods for improved food resource management with USDA nutrition messages to stretch food dollars and encourage healthy food choices using MyPlate (6). These lessons were developed using the Social-Cognitive Theory. The program was created to last f or 60 minutes per lesson and with the total of 12 lessons. The lesson will be started off with the whole group then will be divided into smaller group of 4 participants each for discussion and activities. Educators able to easily follow along with the lesson plans because it is well-organized format. In the curriculum, there are handouts for the educators about materials that they need and things that are require for each lesson. There is a free downloadable file called Healthy Cents from the USDA website with all the complete information needed to facilitate the lessons. The lesson will inform about who, why, lesson length, where, and what about each topic, materials and supplies that are needed for the class, things to say and side notes for the educators, discussion questions for the participants, activities that will be doing for each lesson, new recipe to try, as well as handouts for the learners. After taking a sample handout from the take home tips, the handout was found to be a 4.3 Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level on Microsoft Word. However, not all handout contains the same literacy level. One of the handout has a grade level of 8.9. Some of the handouts are appropriate yet some is not appropriate for the target population, because with their limited education and low literacy levels (5) and about 68% did not receive high school diploma (7), it will be hard for them to comprehend the harder and higher literacy information on their own. It is important to point out that Healthy Cents contain total of 12 lessons in the curriculum. In this assignment, it will be shorten to 6 lessons that are relevance to this target populations needs. Everyone is provided with a copy of handout about the lesson and recipe to bring home with them. Lesson 1: Making Healthy Choices on a Budget. The first lesson stresses the importance about what is healthy food using MyPlate poster and how to afford and shop smartly for fresh produces. The major goal is to able to choose healthier alternatives to familiar foods and able to identify different ways to buy fresh produce using coupons and with limited budget. Lesson 2: Decreasing Food Expenses. The objective of this lesson is to help individual or families to buy healthy snacks that are affordable. Participants will compare the cost of buying individually packaged snacks to bulk package, make their own snacks and understand that snacks can be affordable to made at home and healthy. they will also practice to read nutrition facts labels to identify healthy foods. Lesson 3: Developing a Food Budget. This lesson is intended to teach the participants to choose between food needs and food wants also developing a plan on estimation food expenses. The participants will learn the 5 food groups that made up of a healthy plate and learn to plan for monthly food budget. They will play a board game that related to the lesson and try some new food that they can make for themselves. Lesson 4: Community Food Assistance Programs. Participants will have the opportunity to get resources and examine the food assistance programs that are available in the community. Practice saving money using coupons to purchase healthier items. Lesson 5: Planning a Meal to Make Life Simpler. This lesson will allow the participants to know the benefits of meal planning and acquire skills needed for developing a weekly meal plan. The learners will taste a healthy recipe that is simple to prepare. Lesson 6: Food Shopping on a Budget. Participants will learn about shopping strategies Practice using unit price compare to prices at the grocery store. Explore the layout of a grocery store and how to find lower cost items by looking at the products on shelves below eye level. Ask the participants to choose one new strategy to try for saving money at the grocery store. This curriculum is quite complete, however there is a gap in the program. The involvement of others who have chronic disease in the program will face challenges. As we know, from the nutrition assessment that there are quite many of inmates have chronic disease due to the foods being served in the prison and lack of physical activities, therefore some might face the challenge of health-related nutrition concerns. They do not have the knowledge on what kind of food and nutrition that meet the needs of their body. Perhaps modifying the intervention to involve lesson on obesity, malnutrition, diabetes, and other chronic diseases that require certain kind of foods and provide alternative food options to help lower health risks that would make it more complete. Other Program Components As the target population focuses on female inmates, it is important to consider a wider age range. This intervention educates on budgeting and how to shop with limited resources. It educates and incorporation of knowledge for healthy food options. It shows about meal planning and budgeting shopping, however it did not educate about portion sizes. American food culture is well known for big portion; they might have calculated and plan their meal but without the proper portion sizes will cause them to over eat which will lead to overweight and obese. Other than portion size, providing hands-on approach and educating on how to prepare meals will have beneficial to the target population. In addition, studies have showed that female inmates must overcome their unique social, mental, emotional, and physical challenges that prevent their ability to blend smoothly back into the society (8). Therefore, emphasis on discussing healthy lifestyle choices and habits for individual or families to create an environment that allows for positive behavior change (8) is extremely important to this population. References Decker, Jennifer and Dharod, Jigna. Nutrition Education Needs of Women Being Released from Prison. Maine Nutrition Network, USM. USDA, Food Stamp Nutrition Education, 2006. Website. Available at https://snaped.fns.usda.gov/snap/resourcefinder/WomenReleasedFromPrison.pdf. Accessed March 1, 2017. Boyle Marie A. Community Nutrition in Action: An Entrepreneurial Approach 7th ed. Boston, MA; pp 87. Textbook. Published 2016. Accessed March 25, 2017. United States Department of Agriculture. Healthy Cents. 2015. Website. Available on https://snaped.fns.usda.gov/materials/healthy-cents. Accessed on March 26, 2017. Astray-Caneda, Vivian, Busbee, Malika and Fanning, Markell. Social Learning Theory and Prison Work Release Programs. Florida International University, USA. 2013. Website. Available at http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1165context=sferc. Accessed March 26, 2017 Learning to Shop Wisely for Nutritious Foods Makes Healthy Cents. Food Supplement Nutrition Program. University of Maryland Extension. 2017. Website. Available at http://extension.umd.edu/fsne/fsne-adult-programs/learning-shop-wisely-nutritious-foods-makes-healthy-cents. Accessed March 26, 2017. Harlow, Caroline Wolf. Ph.D. BJS Statistician. Education and Correctional Populations. Bureau of Justice Statistics. Revised January 2003. Website. Available at https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/ecp.pdf. Accessed March 27, 2017. Reentry Programs for Women Inmates. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice. Journal Issue No. 252. June 2003. Website. Available at https://nij.gov/journals/252/Pages/reentry.aspx. Accessed March 26, 2017.

Comparing The Charge of the Light Brigade and Dulce ET Decorum EST Essa

Comparing The Charge of the Light Brigade and Dulce ET Decorum EST  Ã‚  Ã‚   The poems â€Å"The Charge of the Light Brigade† and â€Å"Dulce ET Decorum EST† are war poems. They reflect on two different but equally harrowing events, however the poets portray these events using their own style and the and result is two entirely different views of war. Alfred Tennyson wrote the â€Å"Charge of the Light Brigade† in 1854 and it is about the battle of Balaclava in the Crimean war. Although this battle had no real influence on the outcome of the war it showed the bravery of six hundred British soldiers who charged into almost certain death. The poem itself is a patriotic ballad keeping up with the tradition of the time. The poem is heroic and romantic. â€Å"Dulce ET Decorum EST† was written by Wilfred Owen. It is based on World War 1 in which   Owen himself fought. He tells of the terror of trench warfare and the frantic activity when a gas shell lands. In some ways the two poems are similar for example both poets are obviously writing about war. They use rhyme to get across their point this also makes the poems easier to remember and say. They also use alliteration in â€Å"The Charge of the light brigade† Tennyson tells Cannon to the right of them. Cannon to the left of them. Cannon in front of them Also in Dulce ET decorum EST Owen uses alliteration â€Å"Knock-knead, coughing like hags† and â€Å"Gas! Gas! Quick boys† The poets each use punctuation to emphasise points they deem to be important. Tennyson varies his use of exclamation marks whereas Owen uses more full stops and commas so that when your reading you have slow down and take in what is being said. For example in â€Å"The Charge of the Light Brigade†Ã‚   â€Å"When can their gl... ...rge, this evidently does not concern him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Finally Owen juxtaposes the idea of war as devastating and the idea of war as heroic when he says â€Å"My friend, you would not tell with such high zest, to children ardent for some desperate glory,† to illustrate the poems ultimate irony –â€Å"Dulce ET Decorum est pro patria mori.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion I would suggest that although these poems show completely different views we must also remember that they were written in two completely different eras. Tennyson’s view of war was of glory and honour reflecting the views of the population at the time. The great historical tradition of Britain as a military power ruling her empire. Owen writes about World War 1, which was the most devastating war the world had seen at that time, it lasted much longer than any war before it and generally was much more horrific.

International law

The following essay is divided into the following sections: Introduction Definitions Positivism Realism International law Conclusion List of works cited Law is a concept of governance that involves the stipulation and establishment of rules and regulations that are enforced to shape politics, economics, and society. It is put in place by various governmental institutions to govern a community. Law moderates our day-to-day lives with regards to human relationships.It has various oncepts to it; company law, property law, trust law, criminal law, constitutional law, administrative law, international law, and civil law. The study of law allows for review and revision of these rules and regulations ensuring that none is faulty or biased in any manner to a single party of the human population. Definitions The above mentioned concepts are in light of the various activities we indulge in. Contract law deals with regulation of trade terms relating to establishments of contracts.Property law d eals in ownership rights and ownership transfers of personal property. It is often called Chattel law. We can say that Trust law applies to assets that are secured for financial reasons. A concept of law that was not mentioned previously in the introduction part is Tort law. This law enables one to apply for compensation in the case of loss of or damage of personal property (Byers 22). Criminal law establishes the way and reasons for perpetrator prosecution.Constitutional law protects the human rights as well as providing the legal framework for the governance of a state, and its laws. Administrative law presents governmental policies after they have been reviewed by governmental agencies, while international aw controls and manages interstates sovereign decisions in trade and military action regulations (Wallace 198). The law forms a ground on which all mankind is considered equal, and offers Justice systems in equal proportions to every citizen. The three main arms of government a re responsible for creating and enforcing legal systems of a state.These three are the executive, the Judiciary, and the legislature Positivism This legal term, if applied in the context of international relation, asserts that each nation remains bound by the specific international laws it deems fit to undertake as art of its governing criteria, but otherwise, it would be free to act accordingly as it wishes were it not for those laws. It continues to clash in idealism with the assertions of realism and natural law till today (Kelsen 310). Its sociological rationale is that, sensible knowledge is derived from authentic sources like facts, experience, and positive verification.It suggests that law is based primarily on the command of the ruler. †°mile Durkheim redefined Sociological positivism. Later sociologists found it conflicting with their beliefs and came up with the Anti-positivism concept. Karl Popper and Thomas Kuhn led to the development of post-positivism. The stipula tion of positivism developed as conflict continued to abound the topic questioning the existence of higher norms of international relations that constrict the freedom of sovereign states (Dixon 341).In the study of legal systems, positivism can be taken to establishment of international law is entirely dependent on natural law, it becomes apparent that positivism and international law come to a conflict on some level (Armstrong 71). Realism This theory is based on the argument that, since all laws are made by human beings, or human beings, then it is subject to human error. On the context of international relations, we can interpret this to imply that in order for a realist to conquer, he must put aside all feelings of morality and friendship, and concentrate on building power on his part.In the context of international law, we can say that it is an act out of selfish interests (Oppenheim 123). Its general rationale is achieving a nation's goal without regard of the other nations. T his prevents the nation from being vulnerable from other ruthless adversaries. Therefore, since war and conflict arise often etween countries, a country should try gain an advantage over the others to make it stronger. Realists dismiss the significance of law in international relations because they believe there is no need to regard an issue that will limit your influence as a leader among your subjects.International law These are the rules and regulations put in place to govern international relations between any two participants or nations. This institution maintains order and legal privileges in the international community. It consists of treaties and long-lasting agreements that primarily concern nations and provinces, rather than private itizens. Some of the rulings made in international cases determine the ruling of other nations in the same premise. This way it can form resolutions between regions globally, ensuring that equal Justice is offered for the wrong-doing of an offe nse previously encountered.International law helps maintain countries in peaceful relations with each other, trying to avoid the outbreak of a war where innocent lives might be lost or destroyed (Shaw 77-79). It only falls short in execution of its enforcement strategies, seeing that the enforcement program is young as well as underdeveloped. The issue only gets more complicated considering the sovereignty and independence of the member countries. No nation would subject itself to legal punishment knowing well that it can avoid participation of the legal program and act as it wishes.It would be binding itself in laws it has helped establish. In this premise, it suggests that positivism disregards the rule of international law (Salli Swartz 112). Realism remains a very important aspect of influential magnitude in colleges that study legal systems. Legal realism teaches political science as a social science and in udicial studies as a specialized discipline. Legal bodies that govern i nternational relations seek to maintain harmony and peace among member countries while trying to prevent possible conflict between two nations regardless of their membership.It requires that the international laws stipulated be considered into the national Justice system to prevent any nation from conflicting with others. Conclusion International law demands that participating countries partake of its Justice systems. Realism asserts that only when a country chooses to bind itself with these rules can it e party to international legal punishment. Positivism asserts that a country can choose to place its needs first before the interests of other countries (Barker 71-72).In this sense the two legal premises conflict in ideology. However, international law demands that democratic states adopt international law into their internal legal law is left to its own discretion (Reus-Smit 101). It only demands that the nation ultimately conforms to the laws. It also insists that regardless of w hat a nation's internal laws dictate, it cannot take them as an excuse to not comply with nternational agreements as stipulated by international bodies like the United Nations.